MongoDB $switch

I MongoDB, $switch aggregeringspipeline-operatören utvärderar en serie case uttryck, och exekverar ett specificerat uttryck endast när ett case uttryck utvärderas till true .

Syntax

Syntaxen ser ut så här:

$switch: {
   branches: [
      { case: <expression>, then: <expression> },
      { case: <expression>, then: <expression> },
      ...
   ],
   default: <expression>
}

Exempel

Anta att vi har en samling som heter pets med följande dokument:

{ "_id" : 1, "name" : "Wag", "type" : "Dog", "weight" : 20 }
{ "_id" : 2, "name" : "Bark", "type" : "Dog", "weight" : 10 }
{ "_id" : 3, "name" : "Meow", "type" : "Cat", "weight" : 7 }
{ "_id" : 4, "name" : "Scratch", "type" : "Cat", "weight" : 8 }
{ "_id" : 5, "name" : "Bruce", "type" : "Kangaroo", "weight" : 100 }
{ "_id" : 6, "name" : "Hop", "type" : "Kangaroo", "weight" : 130 }
{ "_id" : 7, "name" : "Punch", "type" : "Kangaroo", "weight" : 200 }
{ "_id" : 8, "name" : "Snap", "type" : "Cat", "weight" : 12 }
{ "_id" : 9, "name" : "Ruff", "type" : "Dog", "weight" : 30 }

Vi kan använda $switch operatorn för att köra några kasusuttryck mot weight fält:

db.pets.aggregate(
  [
    {
      $project:
        { 
          _id: 0,
          weight: 1,
          result: {
            $switch: {
              branches: [
                  { case: { $gt: [ "$weight", 100 ]  }, then: "Heavy" },
                  { case: { $lt: [ "$weight", 20 ]  }, then: "Light" }
              ],
              default: "Medium"
            }
          }
        }
    }
  ]
)

Resultat:

{ "weight" : 20, "result" : "Medium" }
{ "weight" : 10, "result" : "Light" }
{ "weight" : 7, "result" : "Light" }
{ "weight" : 8, "result" : "Light" }
{ "weight" : 100, "result" : "Medium" }
{ "weight" : 130, "result" : "Heavy" }
{ "weight" : 200, "result" : "Heavy" }
{ "weight" : 12, "result" : "Light" }
{ "weight" : 30, "result" : "Medium" }

Utesluter standarduttrycket

Utelämnar default från koden kan resultera i ett fel. Men detta beror på resultatet av case uttryck.

Om vi ​​tar bort default del av exemplet ovan får vi ett felmeddelande:

db.pets.aggregate(
  [
    {
      $project:
        { 
          _id: 0,
          weight: 1,
          result: {
            $switch: {
              branches: [
                  { case: { $gt: [ "$weight", 100 ]  }, then: "Heavy" },
                  { case: { $lt: [ "$weight", 20 ]  }, then: "Light" }
              ]
            }
          }
        }
    }
  ]
)

Resultat:

uncaught exception: Error: command failed: {
	"ok" : 0,
	"errmsg" : "$switch could not find a matching branch for an input, and no default was specified.",
	"code" : 40066,
	"codeName" : "Location40066"
} : aggregate failed :
example@sqldat.com/mongo/shell/utils.js:25:13
example@sqldat.com/mongo/shell/assert.js:18:14
example@sqldat.com/mongo/shell/assert.js:639:17
example@sqldat.com/mongo/shell/assert.js:729:16
example@sqldat.com/mongo/shell/db.js:266:5
example@sqldat.com/mongo/shell/collection.js:1058:12
@(shell):1:1

I det här fallet fanns det indatavärden som inte täcktes av case uttryck (dvs. de mellan 20 och 100), och så $switch returnerade ett fel.

Men om vi ändrar case uttryck något, kan vi ta bort default del utan fel:

db.pets.aggregate(
  [
    {
      $project:
        { 
          _id: 0,
          weight: 1,
          result: {
            $switch: {
              branches: [
                  { case: { $gt: [ "$weight", 100 ]  }, then: "Heavy" },
                  { case: { $lte: [ "$weight", 100 ]  }, then: "Light" }
              ]
            }
          }
        }
    }
  ]
)

Resultat:

{ "weight" : 20, "result" : "Light" }
{ "weight" : 10, "result" : "Light" }
{ "weight" : 7, "result" : "Light" }
{ "weight" : 8, "result" : "Light" }
{ "weight" : 100, "result" : "Light" }
{ "weight" : 130, "result" : "Heavy" }
{ "weight" : 200, "result" : "Heavy" }
{ "weight" : 12, "result" : "Light" }
{ "weight" : 30, "result" : "Light" }

I det här exemplet uppfyllde alla dokument alla case uttryck, och så default behövdes inte – vilket innebar att inget fel uppstod.

MongoDB-dokumentation

Se MongoDB-dokumentationen för mer detaljer och exempel.