Förutsatt att din datumkolumn är en faktisk MySQL-datumkolumn:
SELECT * FROM jokes WHERE date > DATE_SUB(NOW(), INTERVAL 1 DAY) ORDER BY score DESC;
SELECT * FROM jokes WHERE date > DATE_SUB(NOW(), INTERVAL 1 WEEK) ORDER BY score DESC;
SELECT * FROM jokes WHERE date > DATE_SUB(NOW(), INTERVAL 1 MONTH) ORDER BY score DESC;