Den här artikeln innehåller SQL CREATE TABLE
syntax, som implementeras av olika databashanteringssystem (DBMS). Syntaxen är listad exakt som varje leverantör har listat den på sin webbplats. Klicka på den tillämpliga länken för att se mer information om syntaxen för en viss leverantör.
De DBMS som omfattas är MySQL, SQL Server, PostgreSQL och Oracle Database.
MySQL
Från MySQL 5.7 Referensmanual:
CREATE [TEMPORARY] TABLE [IF NOT EXISTS]tbl_name
(create_definition
,...) [table_options
] [partition_options
] CREATE [TEMPORARY] TABLE [IF NOT EXISTS]tbl_name
[(create_definition
,...)] [table_options
] [partition_options
] [IGNORE | REPLACE] [AS]query_expression
CREATE [TEMPORARY] TABLE [IF NOT EXISTS]tbl_name
{ LIKEold_tbl_name
| (LIKEold_tbl_name
) }create_definition
:col_name
column_definition
| [CONSTRAINT [symbol
]] PRIMARY KEY [index_type
] (index_col_name
,...) [index_option
] ... | {INDEX|KEY} [index_name
] [index_type
] (index_col_name
,...) [index_option
] ... | [CONSTRAINT [symbol
]] UNIQUE [INDEX|KEY] [index_name
] [index_type
] (index_col_name
,...) [index_option
] ... | {FULLTEXT|SPATIAL} [INDEX|KEY] [index_name
] (index_col_name
,...) [index_option
] ... | [CONSTRAINT [symbol
]] FOREIGN KEY [index_name
] (index_col_name
,...)reference_definition
| CHECK (expr
)column_definition
:data_type
[NOT NULL | NULL] [DEFAULTdefault_value
] [AUTO_INCREMENT] [UNIQUE [KEY] | [PRIMARY] KEY] [COMMENT 'string
'] [COLUMN_FORMAT {FIXED|DYNAMIC|DEFAULT}] [STORAGE {DISK|MEMORY|DEFAULT}] [reference_definition
] |data_type
[GENERATED ALWAYS] AS (expression
) [VIRTUAL | STORED] [UNIQUE [KEY]] [COMMENTcomment
] [NOT NULL | NULL] [[PRIMARY] KEY]data_type
: BIT[(length
)] | TINYINT[(length
)] [UNSIGNED] [ZEROFILL] | SMALLINT[(length
)] [UNSIGNED] [ZEROFILL] | MEDIUMINT[(length
)] [UNSIGNED] [ZEROFILL] | INT[(length
)] [UNSIGNED] [ZEROFILL] | INTEGER[(length
)] [UNSIGNED] [ZEROFILL] | BIGINT[(length
)] [UNSIGNED] [ZEROFILL] | REAL[(length
,decimals
)] [UNSIGNED] [ZEROFILL] | DOUBLE[(length
,decimals
)] [UNSIGNED] [ZEROFILL] | FLOAT[(length
,decimals
)] [UNSIGNED] [ZEROFILL] | DECIMAL[(length
[,decimals
])] [UNSIGNED] [ZEROFILL] | NUMERIC[(length
[,decimals
])] [UNSIGNED] [ZEROFILL] | DATE | TIME[(fsp
)] | TIMESTAMP[(fsp
)] | DATETIME[(fsp
)] | YEAR | CHAR[(length
)] [BINARY] [CHARACTER SETcharset_name
] [COLLATEcollation_name
] | VARCHAR(length
) [BINARY] [CHARACTER SETcharset_name
] [COLLATEcollation_name
] | BINARY[(length
)] | VARBINARY(length
) | TINYBLOB | BLOB | MEDIUMBLOB | LONGBLOB | TINYTEXT [BINARY] [CHARACTER SETcharset_name
] [COLLATEcollation_name
] | TEXT [BINARY] [CHARACTER SETcharset_name
] [COLLATEcollation_name
] | MEDIUMTEXT [BINARY] [CHARACTER SETcharset_name
] [COLLATEcollation_name
] | LONGTEXT [BINARY] [CHARACTER SETcharset_name
] [COLLATEcollation_name
] | ENUM(value1
,value2
,value3
,...) [CHARACTER SETcharset_name
] [COLLATEcollation_name
] | SET(value1
,value2
,value3
,...) [CHARACTER SETcharset_name
] [COLLATEcollation_name
] | JSON |spatial_type
index_col_name
:col_name
[(length
)] [ASC | DESC]index_type
: USING {BTREE | HASH}index_option
: KEY_BLOCK_SIZE [=]value
|index_type
| WITH PARSERparser_name
| COMMENT 'string
'reference_definition
: REFERENCEStbl_name
(index_col_name
,...) [MATCH FULL | MATCH PARTIAL | MATCH SIMPLE] [ON DELETEreference_option
] [ON UPDATEreference_option
]reference_option
: RESTRICT | CASCADE | SET NULL | NO ACTIONtable_options
:table_option
[[,]table_option
] ...table_option
: ENGINE [=]engine_name
| AUTO_INCREMENT [=]value
| AVG_ROW_LENGTH [=]value
| [DEFAULT] CHARACTER SET [=]charset_name
| CHECKSUM [=] {0 | 1} | [DEFAULT] COLLATE [=]collation_name
| COMMENT [=] 'string
' | COMPRESSION [=] {'ZLIB'|'LZ4'|'NONE'} | CONNECTION [=] 'connect_string
' | DATA DIRECTORY [=] 'absolute path to directory
' | DELAY_KEY_WRITE [=] {0 | 1} | ENCRYPTION [=] {'Y' | 'N'} | INDEX DIRECTORY [=] 'absolute path to directory
' | INSERT_METHOD [=] { NO | FIRST | LAST } | KEY_BLOCK_SIZE [=]value
| MAX_ROWS [=]value
| MIN_ROWS [=]value
| PACK_KEYS [=] {0 | 1 | DEFAULT} | PASSWORD [=] 'string
' | ROW_FORMAT [=] {DEFAULT|DYNAMIC|FIXED|COMPRESSED|REDUNDANT|COMPACT} | STATS_AUTO_RECALC [=] {DEFAULT|0|1} | STATS_PERSISTENT [=] {DEFAULT|0|1} | STATS_SAMPLE_PAGES [=]value
| TABLESPACEtablespace_name
| UNION [=] (tbl_name
[,tbl_name
]...)partition_options
: PARTITION BY { [LINEAR] HASH(expr
) | [LINEAR] KEY [ALGORITHM={1|2}] (column_list
) | RANGE{(expr
) | COLUMNS(column_list
)} | LIST{(expr
) | COLUMNS(column_list
)} } [PARTITIONSnum
] [SUBPARTITION BY { [LINEAR] HASH(expr
) | [LINEAR] KEY [ALGORITHM={1|2}] (column_list
) } [SUBPARTITIONSnum
] ] [(partition_definition
[,partition_definition
] ...)]partition_definition
: PARTITIONpartition_name
[VALUES {LESS THAN {(expr
|value_list
) |MAXVALUE
} | IN (value_list
)}] [[STORAGE] ENGINE [=]engine_name
] [COMMENT [=]'comment_text'
] [DATA DIRECTORY [=] ''] [INDEX DIRECTORY [=] '
data_dir
'] [MAX_ROWS [=]
index_dir
max_number_of_rows
] [MIN_ROWS [=]min_number_of_rows
] [TABLESPACE [=] tablespace_name] [(subpartition_definition
[,subpartition_definition
] ...)]subpartition_definition
: SUBPARTITIONlogical_name
[[STORAGE] ENGINE [=]engine_name
] [COMMENT [=]'comment_text'
] [DATA DIRECTORY [=] ''] [INDEX DIRECTORY [=] '
data_dir
'] [MAX_ROWS [=]
index_dir
max_number_of_rows
] [MIN_ROWS [=]min_number_of_rows
] [TABLESPACE [=] tablespace_name]query_expression:
SELECT ... (Some valid select or union statement
)
SQL-server
Från Transact-SQL-referensen:
CREATE TABLE [ database_name . [ schema_name ] . | schema_name . ] table_name [ AS FileTable ] ( { <column_definition> | <computed_column_definition> | <column_set_definition> | [ <table_constraint> ] [ ,...n ] } ) [ ON { partition_scheme_name ( partition_column_name ) | filegroup | "default" } ] [ { TEXTIMAGE_ON { filegroup | "default" } ] [ FILESTREAM_ON { partition_scheme_name | filegroup | "default" } ] [ WITH ( <table_option> [ ,...n ] ) ] [ ; ] <column_definition> ::= column_name <data_type> [ FILESTREAM ] [ COLLATE collation_name ] [ SPARSE ] [ NULL | NOT NULL ] [ [ CONSTRAINT constraint_name ] DEFAULT constant_expression ] | [ IDENTITY [ ( seed ,increment ) ] [ NOT FOR REPLICATION ] ] [ ROWGUIDCOL ] [ <column_constraint> [ ...n ] ] <data type> ::= [ type_schema_name . ] type_name [ ( precision [ , scale ] | max | [ { CONTENT | DOCUMENT } ] xml_schema_collection ) ] <column_constraint> ::= [ CONSTRAINT constraint_name ] { { PRIMARY KEY | UNIQUE } [ CLUSTERED | NONCLUSTERED ] [ WITH FILLFACTOR = fillfactor | WITH ( < index_option > [ , ...n ] ) ] [ ON { partition_scheme_name ( partition_column_name ) | filegroup | "default" } ] | [ FOREIGN KEY ] REFERENCES [ schema_name . ] referenced_table_name [ ( ref_column ) ] [ ON DELETE { NO ACTION | CASCADE | SET NULL | SET DEFAULT } ] [ ON UPDATE { NO ACTION | CASCADE | SET NULL | SET DEFAULT } ] [ NOT FOR REPLICATION ] | CHECK [ NOT FOR REPLICATION ] ( logical_expression ) } <computed_column_definition> ::= column_name AS computed_column_expression [ PERSISTED [ NOT NULL ] ] [ [ CONSTRAINT constraint_name ] { PRIMARY KEY | UNIQUE } [ CLUSTERED | NONCLUSTERED ] [ WITH FILLFACTOR = fillfactor | WITH ( <index_option> [ , ...n ] ) ] [ ON { partition_scheme_name ( partition_column_name ) | filegroup | "default" } ] | [ FOREIGN KEY ] REFERENCES referenced_table_name [ ( ref_column ) ] [ ON DELETE { NO ACTION | CASCADE } ] [ ON UPDATE { NO ACTION } ] [ NOT FOR REPLICATION ] | CHECK [ NOT FOR REPLICATION ] ( logical_expression ) ] <column_set_definition> ::= column_set_name XML COLUMN_SET FOR ALL_SPARSE_COLUMNS < table_constraint > ::= [ CONSTRAINT constraint_name ] { { PRIMARY KEY | UNIQUE } [ CLUSTERED | NONCLUSTERED ] (column [ ASC | DESC ] [ ,...n ] ) [ WITH FILLFACTOR = fillfactor |WITH ( <index_option> [ , ...n ] ) ] [ ON { partition_scheme_name (partition_column_name) | filegroup | "default" } ] | FOREIGN KEY ( column [ ,...n ] ) REFERENCES referenced_table_name [ ( ref_column [ ,...n ] ) ] [ ON DELETE { NO ACTION | CASCADE | SET NULL | SET DEFAULT } ] [ ON UPDATE { NO ACTION | CASCADE | SET NULL | SET DEFAULT } ] [ NOT FOR REPLICATION ] | CHECK [ NOT FOR REPLICATION ] ( logical_expression ) } <table_option> ::= { [DATA_COMPRESSION = { NONE | ROW | PAGE } [ ON PARTITIONS ( { <partition_number_expression> | <range> } [ , ...n ] ) ]] [ FILETABLE_DIRECTORY = <directory_name> ] [ FILETABLE_COLLATE_FILENAME = { <collation_name> | database_default } ] [ FILETABLE_PRIMARY_KEY_CONSTRAINT_NAME = <constraint_name> ] [ FILETABLE_STREAMID_UNIQUE_CONSTRAINT_NAME = <constraint_name> ] [ FILETABLE_FULLPATH_UNIQUE_CONSTRAINT_NAME = <constraint_name> ] } <index_option> ::= { PAD_INDEX = { ON | OFF } | FILLFACTOR = fillfactor | IGNORE_DUP_KEY = { ON | OFF } | STATISTICS_NORECOMPUTE = { ON | OFF } | ALLOW_ROW_LOCKS = { ON | OFF} | ALLOW_PAGE_LOCKS ={ ON | OFF} | DATA_COMPRESSION = { NONE | ROW | PAGE } [ ON PARTITIONS ( { <partition_number_expression> | <range> } [ , ...n ] ) ] } <range> ::= <partition_number_expression> TO <partition_number_expression>
PostgreSQL
Från PostgreSQL 9.5-manualen:
CREATE [ [ GLOBAL | LOCAL ] { TEMPORARY | TEMP } | UNLOGGED ] TABLE [ IF NOT EXISTS ] table_name ( [ { column_name data_type [ COLLATE collation ] [ column_constraint [ ... ] ] | table_constraint | LIKE source_table [ like_option ... ] } [, ... ] ] ) [ INHERITS ( parent_table [, ... ] ) ] [ WITH ( storage_parameter [= value] [, ... ] ) | WITH OIDS | WITHOUT OIDS ] [ ON COMMIT { PRESERVE ROWS | DELETE ROWS | DROP } ] [ TABLESPACE tablespace_name ] CREATE [ [ GLOBAL | LOCAL ] { TEMPORARY | TEMP } | UNLOGGED ] TABLE [ IF NOT EXISTS ] table_name OF type_name [ ( { column_name WITH OPTIONS [ column_constraint [ ... ] ] | table_constraint } [, ... ] ) ] [ WITH ( storage_parameter [= value] [, ... ] ) | WITH OIDS | WITHOUT OIDS ] [ ON COMMIT { PRESERVE ROWS | DELETE ROWS | DROP } ] [ TABLESPACE tablespace_name ] where column_constraint is: [ CONSTRAINT constraint_name ] { NOT NULL | NULL | CHECK ( expression ) [ NO INHERIT ] | DEFAULT default_expr | UNIQUE index_parameters | PRIMARY KEY index_parameters | REFERENCES reftable [ ( refcolumn ) ] [ MATCH FULL | MATCH PARTIAL | MATCH SIMPLE ] [ ON DELETE action ] [ ON UPDATE action ] } [ DEFERRABLE | NOT DEFERRABLE ] [ INITIALLY DEFERRED | INITIALLY IMMEDIATE ] and table_constraint is: [ CONSTRAINT constraint_name ] { CHECK ( expression ) [ NO INHERIT ] | UNIQUE ( column_name [, ... ] ) index_parameters | PRIMARY KEY ( column_name [, ... ] ) index_parameters | EXCLUDE [ USING index_method ] ( exclude_element WITH operator [, ... ] ) index_parameters [ WHERE ( predicate ) ] | FOREIGN KEY ( column_name [, ... ] ) REFERENCES reftable [ ( refcolumn [, ... ] ) ] [ MATCH FULL | MATCH PARTIAL | MATCH SIMPLE ] [ ON DELETE action ] [ ON UPDATE action ] } [ DEFERRABLE | NOT DEFERRABLE ] [ INITIALLY DEFERRED | INITIALLY IMMEDIATE ] and like_option is: { INCLUDING | EXCLUDING } { DEFAULTS | CONSTRAINTS | INDEXES | STORAGE | COMMENTS | ALL } index_parameters in UNIQUE, PRIMARY KEY, and EXCLUDE constraints are: [ WITH ( storage_parameter [= value] [, ... ] ) ] [ USING INDEX TABLESPACE tablespace_name ] exclude_element in an EXCLUDE constraint is: { column_name | ( expression ) } [ opclass ] [ ASC | DESC ] [ NULLS { FIRST | LAST } ]
Oracle Database
Från Oracle Database Online Documentation 12c Release 1 (12.1):
CREATE [ GLOBAL TEMPORARY ] TABLE [ schema. ] table { relational_table | object_table | XMLType_table } ;
Följande ger detaljer om vart och ett av de tre alternativen.
relationell_tabell
[ (relational_properties) ] [ ON COMMIT { DELETE | PRESERVE } ROWS ] [ physical_properties ] [ table_properties ]
objekttabell
OF [ schema. ] object_type [ object_table_substitution ] [ (object_properties) ] [ ON COMMIT { DELETE | PRESERVE } ROWS ] [ OID_clause ] [ OID_index_clause ] [ physical_properties ] [ table_properties ]
XMLType_table
OF XMLTYPE [ (oject_properties) ] [ XMLTYPE XMLType_storage ] [ XMLSchema_spec ] [ XMLType_virtual_columns ] [ ON COMMIT { DELETE | PRESERVE } ROWS ] [ OID_clause ] [ OID_index_clause ] [ physical_properties ] [ table_properties ]
Se Oracles officiella dokumentation för detaljer om de ytterligare alternativ som är tillgängliga för var och en av dessa.
Använda GUI
Skapa tabeller kan också göras via GUI i vart och ett av databashanteringssystemen, eller genom att använda något av GUI-verktygen som är tillgängliga för användning med den produkten.
Du kan till exempel skapa en tabell via GUI när du arbetar med MySQL Workbench.