sql >> Databasteknik >  >> RDS >> Sqlserver

Automatisk datainsamling:Databasfiler och logiska enheter i MS SQL Server

Introduktion

Det är viktigt för en databasadministratör att veta när det inte finns utrymme på en disk. Därför är det bättre att automatisera processen så att de inte gör det manuellt på varje server.

I den här artikeln kommer jag att beskriva hur man implementerar automatisk daglig datainsamling om logiska enheter och databasfiler.

Lösning

Algoritm:

1. Skapa tabeller över datalagring:
1.1. för databasfiler:

USE [DATABASE_NAME]
GO

SET ANSI_NULLS ON
GO

SET QUOTED_IDENTIFIER ON
GO

CREATE TABLE [srv].[DBFile](
    [DBFile_GUID] [uniqueidentifier] ROWGUIDCOL  NOT NULL,
    [Server] [nvarchar](255) NOT NULL,
    [Name] [nvarchar](255) NOT NULL,
    [Drive] [nvarchar](10) NOT NULL,
    [Physical_Name] [nvarchar](255) NOT NULL,
    [Ext] [nvarchar](255) NOT NULL,
    [Growth] [int] NOT NULL,
    [IsPercentGrowth] [int] NOT NULL,
    [DB_ID] [int] NOT NULL,
    [DB_Name] [nvarchar](255) NOT NULL,
    [SizeMb] [float] NOT NULL,
    [DiffSizeMb] [float] NOT NULL,
    [InsertUTCDate] [datetime] NOT NULL,
    [UpdateUTCdate] [datetime] NOT NULL,
    [File_ID] [int] NOT NULL,
 CONSTRAINT [PK_DBFile] PRIMARY KEY CLUSTERED 
(
    [DBFile_GUID] ASC
)WITH (PAD_INDEX = OFF, STATISTICS_NORECOMPUTE = OFF, IGNORE_DUP_KEY = OFF, 
ALLOW_ROW_LOCKS = ON, ALLOW_PAGE_LOCKS = ON) ON [PRIMARY]
) ON [PRIMARY]

GO

ALTER TABLE [srv].[DBFile] ADD  CONSTRAINT [DF_DBFile_DBFile_GUID]  
DEFAULT (newid()) FOR [DBFile_GUID]
GO

ALTER TABLE [srv].[DBFile] ADD  CONSTRAINT [DF_DBFile_InsertUTCDate]  
DEFAULT (getutcdate()) FOR [InsertUTCDate]
GO

ALTER TABLE [srv].[DBFile] ADD  CONSTRAINT [DF_DBFile_UpdateUTCdate]  
DEFAULT (getutcdate()) FOR [UpdateUTCdate]
GO

1.2. för logiska enheter:

USE [DATABASE_NAME]
GO

SET ANSI_NULLS ON
GO

SET QUOTED_IDENTIFIER ON
GO

CREATE TABLE [srv].[Drivers](
    [Driver_GUID] [uniqueidentifier] ROWGUIDCOL  NOT NULL,
    [Server] [nvarchar](255) NOT NULL,
    [Name] [nvarchar](8) NOT NULL,
    [TotalSpace] [float] NOT NULL,
    [FreeSpace] [float] NOT NULL,
    [DiffFreeSpace] [float] NOT NULL,
    [InsertUTCDate] [datetime] NOT NULL,
    [UpdateUTCdate] [datetime] NOT NULL,
 CONSTRAINT [PK_Drivers] PRIMARY KEY CLUSTERED 
(
    [Driver_GUID] ASC
)WITH (PAD_INDEX = OFF, STATISTICS_NORECOMPUTE = OFF, IGNORE_DUP_KEY = OFF, 
ALLOW_ROW_LOCKS = ON, ALLOW_PAGE_LOCKS = ON) ON [PRIMARY]
) ON [PRIMARY]

GO

ALTER TABLE [srv].[Drivers] ADD  CONSTRAINT [DF_Drivers_Driver_GUID]  
DEFAULT (newid()) FOR [Driver_GUID]
GO

ALTER TABLE [srv].[Drivers] ADD  CONSTRAINT [DF_Drivers_Server]  
DEFAULT (@@servername) FOR [Server]
GO

ALTER TABLE [srv].[Drivers] ADD  CONSTRAINT [DF_Drivers_TotalSpace]  
DEFAULT ((0)) FOR [TotalSpace]
GO

ALTER TABLE [srv].[Drivers] ADD  CONSTRAINT [DF_Drivers_FreeSpace]  
DEFAULT ((0)) FOR [FreeSpace]
GO

ALTER TABLE [srv].[Drivers] ADD  CONSTRAINT [DF_Drivers_DiffFreeSpace]  
DEFAULT ((0)) FOR [DiffFreeSpace]
GO

ALTER TABLE [srv].[Drivers] ADD  CONSTRAINT [DF_Drivers_InsertUTCDate]  
DEFAULT (getutcdate()) FOR [InsertUTCDate]
GO

ALTER TABLE [srv].[Drivers] ADD  CONSTRAINT [DF_Drivers_UpdateUTCdate]  
DEFAULT (getutcdate()) FOR [UpdateUTCdate]
GO

Dessutom måste du fylla i en tabell med logiska enheter i förväg på följande sätt:
Servernamn – volymetikett

2. skapa en nödvändig vy för datainsamling om databasfiler:

USE [DATABASE_NAME]
GO

SET ANSI_NULLS ON
GO

SET QUOTED_IDENTIFIER ON
GO

CREATE view [inf].[ServerDBFileInfo] as
SELECT  @@Servername AS Server ,
        File_id ,--file_id in a database. Its main value always equals 1
        Type_desc ,--description of a file type
        Name as [FileName] ,--logic file name in a database
        LEFT(Physical_Name, 1) AS Drive ,--volume label where a database file is located
        Physical_Name ,--a full name of a file in the operating system
        RIGHT(physical_name, 3) AS Ext ,--file extension
        Size as CountPage, --current file size in pages of 8 Kb
        round((cast(Size*8 as float))/1024,3) as SizeMb, --file size in Mb
        Growth, --growth
        is_percent_growth, --growth in %
        database_id,
        DB_Name(database_id) as [DB_Name]
FROM    sys.master_files--database_files
GO

Här används systemvyn sys.master_files.

3. Skapa en lagrad procedur som returnerar information på en logisk enhet:

USE [DATABASE_NAME]
GO

SET ANSI_NULLS ON
GO

SET QUOTED_IDENTIFIER ON
GO

create procedure [srv].[sp_DriveSpace] 
    @DrivePath varchar(1024) --device (it is possible to set a volume label 'C:')
  , @TotalSpace float output --total volume in bytes
  , @FreeSpace float output  --free disk space in bytes
as
begin

  DECLARE @fso int
        , @Drive int
        , @DriveName varchar(255)
        , @Folder int
        , @Drives int
        , @source varchar(255)
        , @desc varchar(255)
        , @ret int
        , @Object int
  -- Create an object of a file system
  exec @ret = sp_OACreate 'Scripting.FileSystemObject', @fso output
  set @Object = @fso
  if @ret != 0
    goto ErrorInfo

  -- Get a folder on the specified path
  exec @ret = sp_OAmethod @fso, 'GetFolder', @Folder output, @DrivePath  
  set @Object = @fso
  if @ret != 0
    goto ErrorInfo

  -- Get a device
  exec @ret = sp_OAmethod @Folder, 'Drive', @Drive output
  set @Object = @Folder
  if @ret != 0
    goto ErrorInfo

  -- Determine the whole device storage space
  exec @ret = sp_OAGetProperty @Drive, 'TotalSize', @TotalSpace output
  set @Object = @Drive
  if @ret != 0
    goto ErrorInfo

  -- Determine a free space on a disk
  exec @ret = sp_OAGetProperty @Drive, 'AvailableSpace', @FreeSpace output
  set @Object = @Drive
  if @ret != 0
    goto ErrorInfo

  DestroyObjects:
    if @Folder is not null
      exec sp_OADestroy @Folder
    if @Drive is not null
      exec sp_OADestroy @Drive
    if @fso is not null
      exec sp_OADestroy @fso

    return (@ret)

  ErrorInfo:
    exec sp_OAGetErrorInfo @Object, @source output, @desc output
    print 'Source error: ' + isnull( @source, 'n/a' ) + char(13) + 'Description: ' + isnull( @desc, 'n/a' )
    goto DestroyObjects;
end
GO

För att få detaljerad information om denna procedur, se följande artikel:Diskutrymme i T-SQL.

4. Skapa en lagrad procedur för datainsamling:

4.1. för databasfiler:

USE [DATABASE_NAME]
GO

SET ANSI_NULLS ON
GO

SET QUOTED_IDENTIFIER ON
GO

CREATE PROCEDURE [srv].[MergeDBFileInfo]
AS
BEGIN
    SET NOCOUNT ON;
    SET TRANSACTION ISOLATION LEVEL READ UNCOMMITTED;

    ;merge [srv].[DBFile] as f
    using [inf].[ServerDBFileInfo] as ff
    on f.File_ID=ff.File_ID and f.DB_ID=ff.[database_id] and f.[Server]=ff.[Server]
    when matched then
        update set UpdateUTcDate    = getUTCDate()
                 ,[Name]            = ff.[FileName]         
                 ,[Drive]           = ff.[Drive]            
                 ,[Physical_Name]   = ff.[Physical_Name]    
                 ,[Ext]             = ff.[Ext]              
                 ,[Growth]          = ff.[Growth]           
                 ,[IsPercentGrowth] = ff.[is_percent_growth]    
                 ,[SizeMb]          = ff.[SizeMb]           
                 ,[DiffSizeMb]      = round(ff.[SizeMb]-f.[SizeMb],3)   
    when not matched by target then
        insert (
                [Server]
                ,[Name]
                ,[Drive]
                ,[Physical_Name]
                ,[Ext]
                ,[Growth]
                ,[IsPercentGrowth]
                ,[DB_ID]
                ,[DB_Name]
                ,[SizeMb]
                ,[File_ID]
                ,[DiffSizeMb]
               )
        values (
                ff.[Server]
                ,ff.[FileName]
                ,ff.[Drive]
                ,ff.[Physical_Name]
                ,ff.[Ext]
                ,ff.[Growth]
                ,ff.[is_percent_growth]
                ,ff.[database_id]
                ,ff.[DB_Name]
                ,ff.[SizeMb]
                ,ff.[File_id]
                ,0
               )
    when not matched by source and f.[Server][email protected]@SERVERNAME then delete;
END

GO

4.2. för logiska enheter:

USE [DATABASE_NAME]
GO

SET ANSI_NULLS ON
GO

SET QUOTED_IDENTIFIER ON
GO

CREATE PROCEDURE [srv].[MergeDriverInfo]
AS
BEGIN
    SET NOCOUNT ON;
    SET TRANSACTION ISOLATION LEVEL READ UNCOMMITTED;

    declare @Drivers table (
                            [Server] nvarchar(255),
                            Name nvarchar(8),
                            TotalSpace float,
                            FreeSpace float,
                            DiffFreeSpace float NULL
                           );
    insert into @Drivers   (
                            [Server],
                            Name,
                            TotalSpace,
                            FreeSpace
                           )
    select                  [Server],
                            Name,
                            TotalSpace,
                            FreeSpace
    from                srv.Drivers
    where [Server][email protected]@SERVERNAME;

    declare @TotalSpace float;
    declare @FreeSpace float;
    declare @DrivePath nvarchar(8);

    while(exists(select top(1) 1 from @Drivers where DiffFreeSpace is null))
    begin
        select top(1)
        @DrivePath=Name
        from @Drivers
        where DiffFreeSpace is null;

        exec srv.sp_DriveSpace @DrivePath = @DrivePath
                         , @TotalSpace = @TotalSpace out
                         , @FreeSpace = @FreeSpace out;

        update @Drivers
        set [email protected]
           ,[email protected]
           ,DiffFreeSpace=case when FreeSpace>0 then round([email protected],3) else 0 end
        where [email protected];
    end

    ;merge [srv].[Drivers] as d
    using @Drivers as dd
    on d.Name=dd.Name and d.[Server]=dd.[Server]
    when matched then
        update set UpdateUTcDate = getUTCDate()
                 ,[TotalSpace]   = dd.[TotalSpace]   
                 ,[FreeSpace]    = dd.[FreeSpace]    
                 ,[DiffFreeSpace]= dd.[DiffFreeSpace];
END

GO

5. Skapa vyer för datautmatning:

5.1. för databasfiler:

USE [DATABASE_NAME]
GO

SET ANSI_NULLS ON
GO

SET QUOTED_IDENTIFIER ON
GO

create view [srv].[vDBFiles] as
SELECT [DBFile_GUID]
      ,[Server]
      ,[Name]
      ,[Drive]
      ,[Physical_Name]
      ,[Ext]
      ,[Growth]
      ,[IsPercentGrowth]
      ,[DB_ID]
      ,[File_ID]
      ,[DB_Name]
      ,[SizeMb]
      ,[DiffSizeMb]
      ,round([SizeMb]/1024,3) as [SizeGb]
      ,round([DiffSizeMb]/1024,3) as [DiffSizeGb]
      ,round([SizeMb]/1024/1024,3) as [SizeTb]
      ,round([DiffSizeMb]/1024/1024,3) as [DiffSizeTb]
      ,round([DiffSizeMb]/([SizeMb]/100), 3) as [DiffSizePercent]
      ,[InsertUTCDate]
      ,[UpdateUTCdate]
  FROM [srv].[DBFile];

GO

5.2. för logiska diskar:

USE [DATABASE_NAME]
GO

SET ANSI_NULLS ON
GO

SET QUOTED_IDENTIFIER ON
GO

create view [srv].[vDrivers] as
select
      [Driver_GUID]
      ,[Server]
      ,[Name]
      ,[TotalSpace] as [TotalSpaceByte]
      ,[FreeSpace] as [FreeSpaceByte]
      ,[DiffFreeSpace] as [DiffFreeSpaceByte]
      ,round([TotalSpace]/1024, 3) as [TotalSpaceKb]
      ,round([FreeSpace]/1024, 3) as [FreeSpaceKb]
      ,round([DiffFreeSpace]/1024, 3) as [DiffFreeSpaceKb]
      ,round([TotalSpace]/1024/1024, 3) as [TotalSpaceMb]
      ,round([FreeSpace]/1024/1024, 3) as [FreeSpaceMb]
      ,round([DiffFreeSpace]/1024/1024, 3) as [DiffFreeSpaceMb]
      ,round([TotalSpace]/1024/1024/1024, 3) as [TotalSpaceGb]
      ,round([FreeSpace]/1024/1024/1024, 3) as [FreeSpaceGb]
      ,round([DiffFreeSpace]/1024/1024/1024, 3) as [DiffFreeSpaceGb]
      ,round([TotalSpace]/1024/1024/1024/1024, 3) as [TotalSpaceTb]
      ,round([FreeSpace]/1024/1024/1024/1024, 3) as [FreeSpaceTb]
      ,round([DiffFreeSpace]/1024/1024/1024/1024, 3) as [DiffFreeSpaceTb]
      ,round([FreeSpace]/([TotalSpace]/100), 3) as [FreeSpacePercent]
      ,round([DiffFreeSpace]/([TotalSpace]/100), 3) as [DiffFreeSpacePercent]
      ,[InsertUTCDate]
      ,[UpdateUTCdate]
  FROM [srv].[Drivers]
GO

6. Skapa en uppgift i SQL Server Agent och kör den en gång om dagen:

USE [DATABASE_NAME];
GO

exec srv.MergeDBFileInfo;
exec srv.MergeDriverInfo;

7. Samla in all data som matas ut från servrar. Du kan göra det med till exempel SQL Server Agent.

8. Skapa en lagrad procedur för att generera en rapport och skicka den till administratörer. Eftersom det är möjligt att implementera det på olika sätt, kommer jag att överväga det på detta specifika exempel:

USE [DATABASE_NAME]
GO

SET ANSI_NULLS ON
GO

SET QUOTED_IDENTIFIER ON
GO

CREATE PROCEDURE [srv].[GetHTMLTableShortInfoDrivers]
    @body nvarchar(max) OUTPUT
AS
BEGIN
    SET NOCOUNT ON;
    SET TRANSACTION ISOLATION LEVEL READ UNCOMMITTED;

    declare @tbl table (
                        Driver_GUID             uniqueidentifier
                        ,[Name]                 nvarchar(255)
                        ,[TotalSpaceGb]         float
                        ,[FreeSpaceGb]          float
                        ,[DiffFreeSpaceMb]      float
                        ,[FreeSpacePercent]     float
                        ,[DiffFreeSpacePercent] float
                        ,UpdateUTCDate          datetime
                        ,[Server]               nvarchar(255)
                        ,ID                     int identity(1,1)
                       );

    declare
    @Driver_GUID            uniqueidentifier
    ,@Name                  nvarchar(255)
    ,@TotalSpaceGb          float
    ,@FreeSpaceGb           float
    ,@DiffFreeSpaceMb       float
    ,@FreeSpacePercent      float
    ,@DiffFreeSpacePercent  float
    ,@UpdateUTCDate         datetime
    ,@Server                nvarchar(255)
    ,@ID                    int;

    insert into @tbl(
                        Driver_GUID             
                        ,[Name]                 
                        ,[TotalSpaceGb]         
                        ,[FreeSpaceGb]          
                        ,[DiffFreeSpaceMb]      
                        ,[FreeSpacePercent]     
                        ,[DiffFreeSpacePercent] 
                        ,UpdateUTCDate          
                        ,[Server]               
                    )
            select      Driver_GUID             
                        ,[Name]                 
                        ,[TotalSpaceGb]         
                        ,[FreeSpaceGb]          
                        ,[DiffFreeSpaceMb]      
                        ,[FreeSpacePercent]     
                        ,[DiffFreeSpacePercent] 
                        ,UpdateUTCDate          
                        ,[Server]
            from    srv.vDrivers
            where [DiffFreeSpacePercent]<=-5
            or [FreeSpacePercent]<=15
            order by [Server] asc, [Name] asc;

    if(exists(select top(1) 1 from @tbl))
    begin
        set @body='When analyzing I have got the data storage devices that either have free disk space less than 15%, or free space decreases over 5% a day:<br><br>'+'<TABLE BORDER=5>';

        set @[email protected]+'<TR>';

        set @[email protected]+'<TD>';
        set @[email protected]+'№ p/p';
        set @[email protected]+'</TD>';

        set @[email protected]+'<TD>';
        set @[email protected]+'GUID';
        set @[email protected]+'</TD>';

        set @[email protected]+'<TD>';
        set @[email protected]+'SEVER';
        set @[email protected]+'</TD>';

        set @[email protected]+'<TD>';
        set @[email protected]+'TOM';
        set @[email protected]+'</TD>';

        set @[email protected]+'<TD>';
        set @[email protected]+'VOLUME, GB.';
        set @[email protected]+'</TD>';

        set @[email protected]+'<TD>';
        set @[email protected]+'FREE, GB.';
        set @[email protected]+'</TD>';

        set @[email protected]+'<TD>';
        set @[email protected]+'FREE SPACE CHANGE, MB.';
        set @[email protected]+'</TD>';

        set @[email protected]+'<TD>';
        set @[email protected]+'FREE, %';
        set @[email protected]+'</TD>';

        set @[email protected]+'<TD>';
        set @[email protected]+'FREE SPACE CHANGE, %';
        set @[email protected]+'</TD>';

        set @[email protected]+'<TD>';
        set @[email protected]+'UTC DETECTION TIME';
        set @[email protected]+'</TD>';

        set @[email protected]+'</TR>';

        while((select top 1 1 from @tbl)>0)
        begin
            set @[email protected]+'<TR>';

            select top 1
            @Driver_GUID            = Driver_GUID           
            ,@Name                  = Name                  
            ,@TotalSpaceGb          = TotalSpaceGb          
            ,@FreeSpaceGb           = FreeSpaceGb           
            ,@DiffFreeSpaceMb       = DiffFreeSpaceMb       
            ,@FreeSpacePercent      = FreeSpacePercent      
            ,@DiffFreeSpacePercent  = DiffFreeSpacePercent  
            ,@UpdateUTCDate         = UpdateUTCDate         
            ,@Server                = [Server]              
            ,@ID                    = [ID]                  
            from @tbl;

            set @[email protected]+'<TD>';
            set @[email protected]+cast(@ID as nvarchar(max));
            set @[email protected]+'</TD>';

            set @[email protected]+'<TD>';
            set @[email protected]+cast(@Driver_GUID as nvarchar(255));
            set @[email protected]+'</TD>';

            set @[email protected]+'<TD>';
            set @[email protected]+coalesce(@Server,'');
            set @[email protected]+'</TD>';

            set @[email protected]+'<TD>';
            set @[email protected]+coalesce(@Name,'');
            set @[email protected]+'</TD>';

            set @[email protected]+'<TD>';
            set @[email protected]+cast(@TotalSpaceGb as nvarchar(255));
            set @[email protected]+'</TD>';

            set @[email protected]+'<TD>';
            set @[email protected]+cast(@FreeSpaceGb as nvarchar(255));
            set @[email protected]+'</TD>';

            set @[email protected]+'<TD>';
            set @[email protected]+cast(@DiffFreeSpaceMb as nvarchar(255));
            set @[email protected]+'</TD>';

            set @[email protected]+'<TD>';
            set @[email protected]+cast(@FreeSpacePercent as nvarchar(255));
            set @[email protected]+'</TD>';

            set @[email protected]+'<TD>';
            set @[email protected]+cast(@DiffFreeSpacePercent as nvarchar(255));
            set @[email protected]+'</TD>';

            set @[email protected]+'<TD>';
            set @[email protected]+rep.GetDateFormat(@UpdateUTCDate, default)+' '+rep.GetTimeFormat(@UpdateUTCDate, default);
            set @[email protected]+'</TD>';

            delete from @tbl
            where [email protected];

            set @[email protected]+'</TR>';
        end

        set @[email protected]+'</TABLE>';

        set @[email protected]+'<br><br>';
        To get the detailed information, refer to the view SRV.srv.vDrivers<br><br>
        To view the information on database files, refer to the view DATABASE_NAME.srv.vDBFiles';
    end
END

GO

Denna lagrade procedur genererar en HTML-rapport om logiska enheter som antingen har mindre än 15 % ledigt diskutrymme eller så minskar ledigt utrymme med över 5 % per dag. Den senare visar en märklig aktivitet av poster som gör att någon lagrar för mycket information på denna disk väldigt ofta. Det kan hända av följande skäl:

  1. Det är dags att förlänga en disk;
  2. Det är nödvändigt att radera oanvända filer på en logisk enhet;
  3. Radera och minska loggfiler, såväl som filer med information och andra tabeller.

Lösning

I den här artikeln har jag analyserat ett exempel på att implementera ett system för daglig automatisk datainsamling om lokala enheter och databasfiler. Denna information gör det möjligt att i förväg ta reda på vilken disk som har mindre ledigt utrymme, samt vilka databasfiler som växer drastiskt. Det gör det möjligt att undvika ett fall när det inte finns något utrymme på en disk och ta reda på en orsak till varför en process tar mycket utrymme på en disk.

Läs även:

Automatisk datainsamling av databasschemaändringar i MS SQL Server

Automatisk datainsamling om slutförda uppgifter i MS SQL Server


  1. SQLite UTOM Operatör

  2. paketet misslyckas - Kan inte hitta PostgreSQL-klientbiblioteket (libpq)

  3. SQL Server Performance TOP CPU Query -2

  4. Kommaseparerade värden i Oracle