Introduktion
Det är viktigt för en databasadministratör att veta när det inte finns utrymme på en disk. Därför är det bättre att automatisera processen så att de inte gör det manuellt på varje server.
I den här artikeln kommer jag att beskriva hur man implementerar automatisk daglig datainsamling om logiska enheter och databasfiler.
Lösning
Algoritm:
1. Skapa tabeller över datalagring:
1.1. för databasfiler:
USE [DATABASE_NAME] GO SET ANSI_NULLS ON GO SET QUOTED_IDENTIFIER ON GO CREATE TABLE [srv].[DBFile]( [DBFile_GUID] [uniqueidentifier] ROWGUIDCOL NOT NULL, [Server] [nvarchar](255) NOT NULL, [Name] [nvarchar](255) NOT NULL, [Drive] [nvarchar](10) NOT NULL, [Physical_Name] [nvarchar](255) NOT NULL, [Ext] [nvarchar](255) NOT NULL, [Growth] [int] NOT NULL, [IsPercentGrowth] [int] NOT NULL, [DB_ID] [int] NOT NULL, [DB_Name] [nvarchar](255) NOT NULL, [SizeMb] [float] NOT NULL, [DiffSizeMb] [float] NOT NULL, [InsertUTCDate] [datetime] NOT NULL, [UpdateUTCdate] [datetime] NOT NULL, [File_ID] [int] NOT NULL, CONSTRAINT [PK_DBFile] PRIMARY KEY CLUSTERED ( [DBFile_GUID] ASC )WITH (PAD_INDEX = OFF, STATISTICS_NORECOMPUTE = OFF, IGNORE_DUP_KEY = OFF, ALLOW_ROW_LOCKS = ON, ALLOW_PAGE_LOCKS = ON) ON [PRIMARY] ) ON [PRIMARY] GO ALTER TABLE [srv].[DBFile] ADD CONSTRAINT [DF_DBFile_DBFile_GUID] DEFAULT (newid()) FOR [DBFile_GUID] GO ALTER TABLE [srv].[DBFile] ADD CONSTRAINT [DF_DBFile_InsertUTCDate] DEFAULT (getutcdate()) FOR [InsertUTCDate] GO ALTER TABLE [srv].[DBFile] ADD CONSTRAINT [DF_DBFile_UpdateUTCdate] DEFAULT (getutcdate()) FOR [UpdateUTCdate] GO
1.2. för logiska enheter:
USE [DATABASE_NAME] GO SET ANSI_NULLS ON GO SET QUOTED_IDENTIFIER ON GO CREATE TABLE [srv].[Drivers]( [Driver_GUID] [uniqueidentifier] ROWGUIDCOL NOT NULL, [Server] [nvarchar](255) NOT NULL, [Name] [nvarchar](8) NOT NULL, [TotalSpace] [float] NOT NULL, [FreeSpace] [float] NOT NULL, [DiffFreeSpace] [float] NOT NULL, [InsertUTCDate] [datetime] NOT NULL, [UpdateUTCdate] [datetime] NOT NULL, CONSTRAINT [PK_Drivers] PRIMARY KEY CLUSTERED ( [Driver_GUID] ASC )WITH (PAD_INDEX = OFF, STATISTICS_NORECOMPUTE = OFF, IGNORE_DUP_KEY = OFF, ALLOW_ROW_LOCKS = ON, ALLOW_PAGE_LOCKS = ON) ON [PRIMARY] ) ON [PRIMARY] GO ALTER TABLE [srv].[Drivers] ADD CONSTRAINT [DF_Drivers_Driver_GUID] DEFAULT (newid()) FOR [Driver_GUID] GO ALTER TABLE [srv].[Drivers] ADD CONSTRAINT [DF_Drivers_Server] DEFAULT (@@servername) FOR [Server] GO ALTER TABLE [srv].[Drivers] ADD CONSTRAINT [DF_Drivers_TotalSpace] DEFAULT ((0)) FOR [TotalSpace] GO ALTER TABLE [srv].[Drivers] ADD CONSTRAINT [DF_Drivers_FreeSpace] DEFAULT ((0)) FOR [FreeSpace] GO ALTER TABLE [srv].[Drivers] ADD CONSTRAINT [DF_Drivers_DiffFreeSpace] DEFAULT ((0)) FOR [DiffFreeSpace] GO ALTER TABLE [srv].[Drivers] ADD CONSTRAINT [DF_Drivers_InsertUTCDate] DEFAULT (getutcdate()) FOR [InsertUTCDate] GO ALTER TABLE [srv].[Drivers] ADD CONSTRAINT [DF_Drivers_UpdateUTCdate] DEFAULT (getutcdate()) FOR [UpdateUTCdate] GO
Dessutom måste du fylla i en tabell med logiska enheter i förväg på följande sätt:
Servernamn – volymetikett
2. skapa en nödvändig vy för datainsamling om databasfiler:
USE [DATABASE_NAME] GO SET ANSI_NULLS ON GO SET QUOTED_IDENTIFIER ON GO CREATE view [inf].[ServerDBFileInfo] as SELECT @@Servername AS Server , File_id ,--file_id in a database. Its main value always equals 1 Type_desc ,--description of a file type Name as [FileName] ,--logic file name in a database LEFT(Physical_Name, 1) AS Drive ,--volume label where a database file is located Physical_Name ,--a full name of a file in the operating system RIGHT(physical_name, 3) AS Ext ,--file extension Size as CountPage, --current file size in pages of 8 Kb round((cast(Size*8 as float))/1024,3) as SizeMb, --file size in Mb Growth, --growth is_percent_growth, --growth in % database_id, DB_Name(database_id) as [DB_Name] FROM sys.master_files--database_files GO
Här används systemvyn sys.master_files.
3. Skapa en lagrad procedur som returnerar information på en logisk enhet:
USE [DATABASE_NAME] GO SET ANSI_NULLS ON GO SET QUOTED_IDENTIFIER ON GO create procedure [srv].[sp_DriveSpace] @DrivePath varchar(1024) --device (it is possible to set a volume label 'C:') , @TotalSpace float output --total volume in bytes , @FreeSpace float output --free disk space in bytes as begin DECLARE @fso int , @Drive int , @DriveName varchar(255) , @Folder int , @Drives int , @source varchar(255) , @desc varchar(255) , @ret int , @Object int -- Create an object of a file system exec @ret = sp_OACreate 'Scripting.FileSystemObject', @fso output set @Object = @fso if @ret != 0 goto ErrorInfo -- Get a folder on the specified path exec @ret = sp_OAmethod @fso, 'GetFolder', @Folder output, @DrivePath set @Object = @fso if @ret != 0 goto ErrorInfo -- Get a device exec @ret = sp_OAmethod @Folder, 'Drive', @Drive output set @Object = @Folder if @ret != 0 goto ErrorInfo -- Determine the whole device storage space exec @ret = sp_OAGetProperty @Drive, 'TotalSize', @TotalSpace output set @Object = @Drive if @ret != 0 goto ErrorInfo -- Determine a free space on a disk exec @ret = sp_OAGetProperty @Drive, 'AvailableSpace', @FreeSpace output set @Object = @Drive if @ret != 0 goto ErrorInfo DestroyObjects: if @Folder is not null exec sp_OADestroy @Folder if @Drive is not null exec sp_OADestroy @Drive if @fso is not null exec sp_OADestroy @fso return (@ret) ErrorInfo: exec sp_OAGetErrorInfo @Object, @source output, @desc output print 'Source error: ' + isnull( @source, 'n/a' ) + char(13) + 'Description: ' + isnull( @desc, 'n/a' ) goto DestroyObjects; end GO
För att få detaljerad information om denna procedur, se följande artikel:Diskutrymme i T-SQL.
4. Skapa en lagrad procedur för datainsamling:
4.1. för databasfiler:
USE [DATABASE_NAME] GO SET ANSI_NULLS ON GO SET QUOTED_IDENTIFIER ON GO CREATE PROCEDURE [srv].[MergeDBFileInfo] AS BEGIN SET NOCOUNT ON; SET TRANSACTION ISOLATION LEVEL READ UNCOMMITTED; ;merge [srv].[DBFile] as f using [inf].[ServerDBFileInfo] as ff on f.File_ID=ff.File_ID and f.DB_ID=ff.[database_id] and f.[Server]=ff.[Server] when matched then update set UpdateUTcDate = getUTCDate() ,[Name] = ff.[FileName] ,[Drive] = ff.[Drive] ,[Physical_Name] = ff.[Physical_Name] ,[Ext] = ff.[Ext] ,[Growth] = ff.[Growth] ,[IsPercentGrowth] = ff.[is_percent_growth] ,[SizeMb] = ff.[SizeMb] ,[DiffSizeMb] = round(ff.[SizeMb]-f.[SizeMb],3) when not matched by target then insert ( [Server] ,[Name] ,[Drive] ,[Physical_Name] ,[Ext] ,[Growth] ,[IsPercentGrowth] ,[DB_ID] ,[DB_Name] ,[SizeMb] ,[File_ID] ,[DiffSizeMb] ) values ( ff.[Server] ,ff.[FileName] ,ff.[Drive] ,ff.[Physical_Name] ,ff.[Ext] ,ff.[Growth] ,ff.[is_percent_growth] ,ff.[database_id] ,ff.[DB_Name] ,ff.[SizeMb] ,ff.[File_id] ,0 ) when not matched by source and f.[Server][email protected]@SERVERNAME then delete; END GO
4.2. för logiska enheter:
USE [DATABASE_NAME] GO SET ANSI_NULLS ON GO SET QUOTED_IDENTIFIER ON GO CREATE PROCEDURE [srv].[MergeDriverInfo] AS BEGIN SET NOCOUNT ON; SET TRANSACTION ISOLATION LEVEL READ UNCOMMITTED; declare @Drivers table ( [Server] nvarchar(255), Name nvarchar(8), TotalSpace float, FreeSpace float, DiffFreeSpace float NULL ); insert into @Drivers ( [Server], Name, TotalSpace, FreeSpace ) select [Server], Name, TotalSpace, FreeSpace from srv.Drivers where [Server][email protected]@SERVERNAME; declare @TotalSpace float; declare @FreeSpace float; declare @DrivePath nvarchar(8); while(exists(select top(1) 1 from @Drivers where DiffFreeSpace is null)) begin select top(1) @DrivePath=Name from @Drivers where DiffFreeSpace is null; exec srv.sp_DriveSpace @DrivePath = @DrivePath , @TotalSpace = @TotalSpace out , @FreeSpace = @FreeSpace out; update @Drivers set [email protected] ,[email protected] ,DiffFreeSpace=case when FreeSpace>0 then round([email protected],3) else 0 end where [email protected]; end ;merge [srv].[Drivers] as d using @Drivers as dd on d.Name=dd.Name and d.[Server]=dd.[Server] when matched then update set UpdateUTcDate = getUTCDate() ,[TotalSpace] = dd.[TotalSpace] ,[FreeSpace] = dd.[FreeSpace] ,[DiffFreeSpace]= dd.[DiffFreeSpace]; END GO
5. Skapa vyer för datautmatning:
5.1. för databasfiler:
USE [DATABASE_NAME] GO SET ANSI_NULLS ON GO SET QUOTED_IDENTIFIER ON GO create view [srv].[vDBFiles] as SELECT [DBFile_GUID] ,[Server] ,[Name] ,[Drive] ,[Physical_Name] ,[Ext] ,[Growth] ,[IsPercentGrowth] ,[DB_ID] ,[File_ID] ,[DB_Name] ,[SizeMb] ,[DiffSizeMb] ,round([SizeMb]/1024,3) as [SizeGb] ,round([DiffSizeMb]/1024,3) as [DiffSizeGb] ,round([SizeMb]/1024/1024,3) as [SizeTb] ,round([DiffSizeMb]/1024/1024,3) as [DiffSizeTb] ,round([DiffSizeMb]/([SizeMb]/100), 3) as [DiffSizePercent] ,[InsertUTCDate] ,[UpdateUTCdate] FROM [srv].[DBFile]; GO
5.2. för logiska diskar:
USE [DATABASE_NAME] GO SET ANSI_NULLS ON GO SET QUOTED_IDENTIFIER ON GO create view [srv].[vDrivers] as select [Driver_GUID] ,[Server] ,[Name] ,[TotalSpace] as [TotalSpaceByte] ,[FreeSpace] as [FreeSpaceByte] ,[DiffFreeSpace] as [DiffFreeSpaceByte] ,round([TotalSpace]/1024, 3) as [TotalSpaceKb] ,round([FreeSpace]/1024, 3) as [FreeSpaceKb] ,round([DiffFreeSpace]/1024, 3) as [DiffFreeSpaceKb] ,round([TotalSpace]/1024/1024, 3) as [TotalSpaceMb] ,round([FreeSpace]/1024/1024, 3) as [FreeSpaceMb] ,round([DiffFreeSpace]/1024/1024, 3) as [DiffFreeSpaceMb] ,round([TotalSpace]/1024/1024/1024, 3) as [TotalSpaceGb] ,round([FreeSpace]/1024/1024/1024, 3) as [FreeSpaceGb] ,round([DiffFreeSpace]/1024/1024/1024, 3) as [DiffFreeSpaceGb] ,round([TotalSpace]/1024/1024/1024/1024, 3) as [TotalSpaceTb] ,round([FreeSpace]/1024/1024/1024/1024, 3) as [FreeSpaceTb] ,round([DiffFreeSpace]/1024/1024/1024/1024, 3) as [DiffFreeSpaceTb] ,round([FreeSpace]/([TotalSpace]/100), 3) as [FreeSpacePercent] ,round([DiffFreeSpace]/([TotalSpace]/100), 3) as [DiffFreeSpacePercent] ,[InsertUTCDate] ,[UpdateUTCdate] FROM [srv].[Drivers] GO
6. Skapa en uppgift i SQL Server Agent och kör den en gång om dagen:
USE [DATABASE_NAME]; GO exec srv.MergeDBFileInfo; exec srv.MergeDriverInfo;
7. Samla in all data som matas ut från servrar. Du kan göra det med till exempel SQL Server Agent.
8. Skapa en lagrad procedur för att generera en rapport och skicka den till administratörer. Eftersom det är möjligt att implementera det på olika sätt, kommer jag att överväga det på detta specifika exempel:
USE [DATABASE_NAME] GO SET ANSI_NULLS ON GO SET QUOTED_IDENTIFIER ON GO CREATE PROCEDURE [srv].[GetHTMLTableShortInfoDrivers] @body nvarchar(max) OUTPUT AS BEGIN SET NOCOUNT ON; SET TRANSACTION ISOLATION LEVEL READ UNCOMMITTED; declare @tbl table ( Driver_GUID uniqueidentifier ,[Name] nvarchar(255) ,[TotalSpaceGb] float ,[FreeSpaceGb] float ,[DiffFreeSpaceMb] float ,[FreeSpacePercent] float ,[DiffFreeSpacePercent] float ,UpdateUTCDate datetime ,[Server] nvarchar(255) ,ID int identity(1,1) ); declare @Driver_GUID uniqueidentifier ,@Name nvarchar(255) ,@TotalSpaceGb float ,@FreeSpaceGb float ,@DiffFreeSpaceMb float ,@FreeSpacePercent float ,@DiffFreeSpacePercent float ,@UpdateUTCDate datetime ,@Server nvarchar(255) ,@ID int; insert into @tbl( Driver_GUID ,[Name] ,[TotalSpaceGb] ,[FreeSpaceGb] ,[DiffFreeSpaceMb] ,[FreeSpacePercent] ,[DiffFreeSpacePercent] ,UpdateUTCDate ,[Server] ) select Driver_GUID ,[Name] ,[TotalSpaceGb] ,[FreeSpaceGb] ,[DiffFreeSpaceMb] ,[FreeSpacePercent] ,[DiffFreeSpacePercent] ,UpdateUTCDate ,[Server] from srv.vDrivers where [DiffFreeSpacePercent]<=-5 or [FreeSpacePercent]<=15 order by [Server] asc, [Name] asc; if(exists(select top(1) 1 from @tbl)) begin set @body='When analyzing I have got the data storage devices that either have free disk space less than 15%, or free space decreases over 5% a day:<br><br>'+'<TABLE BORDER=5>'; set @[email protected]+'<TR>'; set @[email protected]+'<TD>'; set @[email protected]+'№ p/p'; set @[email protected]+'</TD>'; set @[email protected]+'<TD>'; set @[email protected]+'GUID'; set @[email protected]+'</TD>'; set @[email protected]+'<TD>'; set @[email protected]+'SEVER'; set @[email protected]+'</TD>'; set @[email protected]+'<TD>'; set @[email protected]+'TOM'; set @[email protected]+'</TD>'; set @[email protected]+'<TD>'; set @[email protected]+'VOLUME, GB.'; set @[email protected]+'</TD>'; set @[email protected]+'<TD>'; set @[email protected]+'FREE, GB.'; set @[email protected]+'</TD>'; set @[email protected]+'<TD>'; set @[email protected]+'FREE SPACE CHANGE, MB.'; set @[email protected]+'</TD>'; set @[email protected]+'<TD>'; set @[email protected]+'FREE, %'; set @[email protected]+'</TD>'; set @[email protected]+'<TD>'; set @[email protected]+'FREE SPACE CHANGE, %'; set @[email protected]+'</TD>'; set @[email protected]+'<TD>'; set @[email protected]+'UTC DETECTION TIME'; set @[email protected]+'</TD>'; set @[email protected]+'</TR>'; while((select top 1 1 from @tbl)>0) begin set @[email protected]+'<TR>'; select top 1 @Driver_GUID = Driver_GUID ,@Name = Name ,@TotalSpaceGb = TotalSpaceGb ,@FreeSpaceGb = FreeSpaceGb ,@DiffFreeSpaceMb = DiffFreeSpaceMb ,@FreeSpacePercent = FreeSpacePercent ,@DiffFreeSpacePercent = DiffFreeSpacePercent ,@UpdateUTCDate = UpdateUTCDate ,@Server = [Server] ,@ID = [ID] from @tbl; set @[email protected]+'<TD>'; set @[email protected]+cast(@ID as nvarchar(max)); set @[email protected]+'</TD>'; set @[email protected]+'<TD>'; set @[email protected]+cast(@Driver_GUID as nvarchar(255)); set @[email protected]+'</TD>'; set @[email protected]+'<TD>'; set @[email protected]+coalesce(@Server,''); set @[email protected]+'</TD>'; set @[email protected]+'<TD>'; set @[email protected]+coalesce(@Name,''); set @[email protected]+'</TD>'; set @[email protected]+'<TD>'; set @[email protected]+cast(@TotalSpaceGb as nvarchar(255)); set @[email protected]+'</TD>'; set @[email protected]+'<TD>'; set @[email protected]+cast(@FreeSpaceGb as nvarchar(255)); set @[email protected]+'</TD>'; set @[email protected]+'<TD>'; set @[email protected]+cast(@DiffFreeSpaceMb as nvarchar(255)); set @[email protected]+'</TD>'; set @[email protected]+'<TD>'; set @[email protected]+cast(@FreeSpacePercent as nvarchar(255)); set @[email protected]+'</TD>'; set @[email protected]+'<TD>'; set @[email protected]+cast(@DiffFreeSpacePercent as nvarchar(255)); set @[email protected]+'</TD>'; set @[email protected]+'<TD>'; set @[email protected]+rep.GetDateFormat(@UpdateUTCDate, default)+' '+rep.GetTimeFormat(@UpdateUTCDate, default); set @[email protected]+'</TD>'; delete from @tbl where [email protected]; set @[email protected]+'</TR>'; end set @[email protected]+'</TABLE>'; set @[email protected]+'<br><br>'; To get the detailed information, refer to the view SRV.srv.vDrivers<br><br> To view the information on database files, refer to the view DATABASE_NAME.srv.vDBFiles'; end END GO
Denna lagrade procedur genererar en HTML-rapport om logiska enheter som antingen har mindre än 15 % ledigt diskutrymme eller så minskar ledigt utrymme med över 5 % per dag. Den senare visar en märklig aktivitet av poster som gör att någon lagrar för mycket information på denna disk väldigt ofta. Det kan hända av följande skäl:
- Det är dags att förlänga en disk;
- Det är nödvändigt att radera oanvända filer på en logisk enhet;
- Radera och minska loggfiler, såväl som filer med information och andra tabeller.
Lösning
I den här artikeln har jag analyserat ett exempel på att implementera ett system för daglig automatisk datainsamling om lokala enheter och databasfiler. Denna information gör det möjligt att i förväg ta reda på vilken disk som har mindre ledigt utrymme, samt vilka databasfiler som växer drastiskt. Det gör det möjligt att undvika ett fall när det inte finns något utrymme på en disk och ta reda på en orsak till varför en process tar mycket utrymme på en disk.
Läs även:
Automatisk datainsamling av databasschemaändringar i MS SQL Server
Automatisk datainsamling om slutförda uppgifter i MS SQL Server